Many readers will doubtless be astonished to learn that animals were being fired aloft in U.S. and Soviet research rockets in the late 1940s. In fact most people not only believe that the Russian space dog Laika was the first canine to be launched into space, but also that the high-profile, precursory Mercury flights of chimps Ham and Enos were the only primate flights conducted by the United States. In fact, both countries had sent literally dozens of animals aloft for many years prior to these events and continued to do so for many years after. Other latter-day space nations, such as France and China, would also begin to use animals in their own space research.
Animals in Space will explain why dogs, primates, mice and other rodents were chosen and tested, at a time when dedicated scientists from both space nations were determined to establish the survivability of human subjects on both ballistic and orbital space flights. It will also recount the way this happened; the secrecy involved and the methods employed, and offer an objective analysis of how the role of animals as spaceflight test subjects not only evolved, but subsequently changed over the years in response to a public outcry led by animal activists. It will explore the ways in which animal high-altitude and space flight research impacted on space flight biomedicine and technology, and how the results - both successful and disappointing - allowed human beings to then undertake that same hazardous journey with far greater understanding and confidence.
This book is intended as a detailed yet highly readable and balanced account of the history of animal space flights, and the resultant application of hard-won research to space technology and astrobiology. It will undoubtedly become the ultimate authority on animal space flights.
Ce volume, qui paraît pour les Journées annuelles de la Société française
de médecine périnatale est consacré, en 2012, aux trois thématiques
principales de ces 42e Journées qui auront lieu à Montpellier du 17 au 19
octobre 2012 : la trisomie 21, l'accouchement revisité, le diagnostic
pré-implantatoire, la peur en médecine périnatale, la prise en charge
obtétricale de la femme obèse.
Cet ouvrage vise à clarifier et développer les particularités de l'examen
clinique en obstétrique, il exclut délibérément l'accouchement et les
suites de couches. L'examen physique approfondi, faisant suite à un
interrogatoire fouillé, permet dans une grande majorité des cas de poser
les hypothèses diagnostiques que confirment les examens complémentaires.
Le lecteur trouvera au fil de l'ouvrage les principaux symptômes et signes
physiques, ainsi que les diagnostics qui en découlent. Le but est avant
tout d'éviter d'omettre les urgences vitales tant maternelles que foetales.
En annexe, figurent de nombreuses tables et mémentos utiles au médecin et
répondant aux questions les plus fréquemment posées par les patientes. Ce
livre, dont un des atouts majeurs est la simplicité, est destiné aux
internes en cours de spécialisation en gynécologie-obstérique et en
gynécologie médicale, mais également aux médecins généralistes,
gynécologues obstétriciens et gynécologues médicaux qui souhaitent mettre
à jour leurs connaissances.
Alors qu'il existe une littérature abondante fondée sur l'EBM (Evidence
Based Medicine) concernant la prise en charge et le traitement des cancers
les plus fréquents, celle-ci fait défaut pour les tumeurs malignes rares.
L'ouvrage coordonné par les Professeurs Jean-Pierre Droz, Jean-Louis Peix
et le Docteur Isabelle Ray-Coquard comble ce vide. Oncologues,
spécialistes, chirurgiens cancérologues, anatomo-pathologistes, médecins
généralistes, disposent à présent d'un ouvrage de référence en français
sur ce thème. Il apporte une documentation essentielle sur les tumeurs
rares ubiquitaires ou spécifiques de certains organes, sur les hémopathies rares, les tumeurs pédiatriques rares, mais aussi sur les syndromes
paranéoplasiques, ou bien l'association cancer et grossesse. Par ailleurs,
cet ouvrage aborde l'apport des techniques d'anatomie pathologique, de la
génétique, de l'épidémiologie, de la médecine du travail pour la prise en
charge de ces cancers. Il fournit des revues de la littérature récente,
donne des pistes de recherches bibliographiques ainsi que des références
de sites internet. Les illustrations permettent d'enrichir les
connaissances cliniques, anatomo-pathologiques et radiologiques. Ce livre
complète la littérature existante en recensant pour la première fois les
données sur les cancers rares. Il deviendra l'outil indispensable en
français pour tout spécialiste du cancer.
Environmental chemistry is a fast developing science aimed at deciphering fundamental mechanisms ruling the behaviour of pollutants in ecosystems. Applying this knowledge to current environmental issues leads to the remediation of environmental media, and to new, low energy, low emission, sustainable processes. Chapters review analysis and remediation of pollutants such as greenhouse gases, chiral pharmaceuticals, dyes, chlorinated organics, arsenic, toxic metals and pathogen in air, water, plant and soil. Several highlights include the overlooked impact of air pollutants from buildings for health risk, innovative remediation techniques such as bioreactors for gas treatment, electrochemical cleaning of pharmaceuticals, sequestration on Fe-Mn nodules, phytoremediation and photocatalytical inactivation of microbial pathogens. This book will be a valuable source of information for engineers and students developing novel applied techniques to monitor and clean pollutants in air, wastewater, soils and sediments.
This book provides insight into the Life Cycle Management (LCM) concept and the progress in its implementation. LCM is a management concept applied in industrial and service sectors to improve products and services, while enhancing the overall sustainability performance of business and its value chains. In this regard, LCM is an opportunity to differentiate through sustainability performance on the market place, working with all departments of a company such as research and development, procurement and marketing, and to enhance the collaboration with stakeholders along a company's value chain. LCM is used beyond short-term business success and aims at long-term achievements by minimizing environmental and socio-economic burden, while maximizing economic and social value.
Offering the first comprehensive treatment of the theory of random measures, this book has a very broad scope, ranging from basic properties of Poisson and related processes to the modern theories of convergence, stationarity, Palm measures, conditioning, and compensation. The three large final chapters focus on applications within the areas of stochastic geometry, excursion theory, and branching processes. Although this theory plays a fundamental role in most areas of modern probability, much of it, including the most basic material, has previously been available only in scores of journal articles. The book is primarily directed towards researchers and advanced graduate students in stochastic processes and related areas.
This book offers a wide-ranging and up-to-date overview of the basic science underlying PET and
its preclinical and clinical applications in modern medicine. In addition, it provides the reader with a sound understanding of the scientific principles and use of PET in routine practice and biomedical imaging research. The opening sections address the fundamental physics, radiation safety, CT scanning dosimetry, and dosimetry of PET radiotracers, chemistry and regulation of PET radiopharmaceuticals, with information on labeling strategies, tracer quality control, and regulation of radiopharmaceutical production in Europe and the United States. PET physics and instrumentation are then discussed, covering the basic principles of PET and PET scanning systems, hybrid PET/CT and PET/MR imaging, system calibration, acceptance testing, and quality control. Subsequent sections focus on image reconstruction, processing, and quantitation in PET and hybrid PET and on imaging artifacts and correction techniques, with particular attention to partial volume correction and motion artifacts. The book closes by examining clinical applications of PET and hybrid PET and their physiological and/or molecular basis in conjunction with technical foundations in the disciplines of oncology, cardiology and neurology, PET in pediatric malignancy and its role in radiotherapy treatment planning. Basic Science of PET Imaging will meet the needs of nuclear medicine practitioners, other radiology specialists, and trainees in these fields.
The first edition of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology introduced a completely new paradigm for detecting bladder cancer by urine cytology. This system concentrated on defining morphological characteristics of the most clinically significant form of bladder cancer, High Grade Urothelial Carcinoma. This new approach has been widely accepted throughout the world, and has become part of the daily practice of cytology. Considering that the first edition of The Paris System (TPS) introduced a new model of urinary cytodiagnosis, verification and expansion of initial material and data were anticipated. Based on evolving knowledge and readership requests, the group of highly experienced authors have created a new edition of TPS. This second edition includes areas and issues not originally covered. A new chapter on urine cytology of the upper tract, a rarely addressed topic, has been introduced. Furthermore, the issue of cellular degeneration is discussed in the criteria of all diagnostic categories. Examples of standardized reports are included in each chapter. Most importantly, a separate chapter presents data defining the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category to inform clinical management. New high quality images augment those of the first edition to better illustrate diagnostic clues and potential pitfalls. In addition to chapters on diagnostic criteria, current concepts of pathogenesis of bladder cancer, specimen adequacy and preparation, and ancillary tests are covered in separate chapters. A bonus to the volume is a comprehensive history of urine as the earliest diagnostic sample of human disease, richly illustrated with artworks from major museums. Written by internationally recognized authorities, this comprehensive and evidence-based guide to urine cytology is supported by the newest data confirming the original concept and significance of diagnostic criteria defining High Grade Urothelial Carcinoma. TPS is an essential tool for anyone who is practicing urinary cytology, including cytotechnologists, pathologists-in-training and practicing pathologists. This book should find a place in every cytology laboratory throughout the world. The Concept has been endorsed by the American Society of Cytopathology, and the International Academy of Cytology.
Das blaue Buch" der Psychosen-Ratgeber von Josef Bäuml komplett neu bearbeitet
Das Auftreten einer psychotischen Erkrankung führt immer wieder zu Sprachlosigkeit und Verunsicherung. Warum erkrankt jemand überhaupt an Schizophrenie? Welche Konsequenzen hat dies für das Leben von Patienten und Angehrigen? Welche Therapiemglichkeiten gibt es?
Hier finden Sie die Antworten auf alle Ihre drängenden Fragen. Der Ratgeber legt besonderen Wert auf die Erläuterung der medikamentsen Therapie, ihrer Notwendigkeit und ihre Verknüpfung mit anderen Therapien.
Einfach und verständlich geschrieben, ist das Buch ein unentbehrlicher Ratgeber für alle, die sich mit dieser Gruppe von Erkrankungen auseinander setzen müssen. Zudem dient er auch als Leitfaden für Gespräche mit professionellen Helfern.
Neu in dieser Auflage:
Alle wichtigen aktuellen Therapieentwicklungen der letzten Jahre
Übersicht über die neuesten Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Ursachen von Psychosen
This book expands on the classical statistical multivariate analysis theory by focusing on bilinear regression models, a class of models comprising the classical growth curve model and its extensions. In order to analyze the bilinear regression models in an interpretable way, concepts from linear models are extended and applied to tensor spaces. Further, the book considers decompositions of tensor products into natural subspaces, and addresses maximum likelihood estimation, residual analysis, influential observation analysis and testing hypotheses, where properties of estimators such as moments, asymptotic distributions or approximations of distributions are also studied. Throughout the text, examples and several analyzed data sets illustrate the different approaches, and fresh insights into classical multivariate analysis are provided. This monograph is of interest to researchers and Ph.D. students in mathematical statistics, signal processing and other fields where statistical multivariate analysis is utilized. It can also be used as a text for second graduate-level courses on multivariate analysis.
Good presentation skills are key to a successful career in academia. This guide provides examples taken from real presentations given both by native and non-native academics covering a wide variety of disciplines.
The easy-to-follow guidelines and tips will teach you how to: plan, prepare and practice a well-organized, interesting presentation
avoid errors in English by using short easy-to-say sentences
improve your English pronunciation and intonation
gain confidence, and overcome nerves and embarrassment
highlight the essential points you want your audience to remember
attract and retain audience attention
deal with questions from the audience
This new edition contains several additional features, including stimulating factoids and discussion points both for self-study and in-class use. New chapters also cover:learning from talks on TED
networking with potential collaborators, professors, fellow researchers
interacting successfully with non-native audiences
posters
EAP teachers will find this book to be a great source of tips for training students, and for preparing both instructive and entertaining lessons.
Other books in the series cover: writing research papers; English grammar, usage, and style; academic correspondence; interacting on campus; plus exercises books and a teacher's guide.
Please visit http://www.springer.com/series/13913 for a full list of titles in the series.
Adrian Wallwork is the author of more than 30 ELT and EAP textbooks. He has trained several thousand PhD students and academics from 35 countries to write research papers, prepare presentations, and communicate with editors, referees and fellow researchers.
This book includes the texts of the survey lectures given by plenary speakers at the 11th International ISAAC Congress held in Växj, Sweden, on 14-18 August, 2017. It is the purpose of ISAAC to promote analysis, its applications, and its interaction with computation. Analysis is understood here in the broad sense of the word, including differential equations, integral equations, functional analysis, and function theory. With this objective, ISAAC organizes international Congresses for the presentation and discussion of research on analysis.
The plenary lectures in the present volume, authored by eminent specialists, are devoted to some exciting recent developments, topics including: local solvability for subprincipal type operators; fractional-order Laplacians; degenerate complex vector fields in the plane; lower bounds for pseudo-differential operators; a survey on Morrey spaces; localization operators in Signal Theory and Quantum Mechanics. Thanks to the accessible style used, readers only need a basic command of Calculus.
This book will appeal to scientists, teachers, and graduate students in Mathematics, in particular Mathematical Analysis, Probability and Statistics, Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Physics.
Building on the success of this book's first edition, Dr. Eric Hansen and Dr. Mack Roach have updated, revised, and expanded the Handbook of Evidence-based Radiation Oncology, a portable reference that utilizes evidence-based medicine as the basis for practical treatment recommendations and guidelines. Organized by body site, concise clinical chapters provide easy access to critical information. Important "pearls" of epidemiology, anatomy, pathology, and clinical presentation are highlighted. Key facets of the work-up are listed, followed by staging and/or risk classification systems. Treatment recommendations are discussed based on stage, histology, and/or risk classification. Brief summaries of key trials and studies provide rationale for the recommendations. Practical guidelines for radiation techniques are described. Finally, complications and follow-up guidelines are outlined. Updates from the first edition include brand new color figures and color contouring mini-atlases for head and neck, gastrointestinal, prostate, and gynecological tumors; redesigned tables for increased readability; new chapters on management of the neck and unknown primary, clinical radiobiology, and pediatric malignancies and benign conditions; and new appendices including the American College of Radiology guidelines for administration of IV contrast.
Cet ouvrage, dynamique et très documenté, présente des pathologies peu
connues du médecin européen. Il s'appuie sur le déroulement de
consultations à partir d'un symptôme, d'une anomalie ou d'un traumatisme,
tout cela sur fond de précarité et d'hygiène défectueuse. Fort d'une
pratique personnelle, cet ouvrage reflète les expériences croisées de
médecins et d'infirmières, en tenant compte des coutumes locales et des
médecines traditionnelles. En situation, chaque professionnel de santé
doit prendre la mesure des lacunes de sa formation ainsi que de la pénurie
et du coût des médicaments. Ces obstacles ne lui permettent pas toujours
de répondre aux espoirs insensés que sa venue inspire aux populations
déshéritées, et lui imposent d'inscrire son action dans la durée.
Lorsqu'il repart, les médicaments et le matériel ont souvent été épuisés,
en revanche les techniques, le savoir et le savoir-faire, sont par nature
transmissibles et inépuisables. Au devoir de soigner, s'ajoute un devoir
de transmission.
Les maladies mentales représentent un poids sanitaire considérable pour
les sociétés occidentales tant par la souffrance qu'elles induisent pour
les patients et leur entourage que par leur coûts directs et indirects.
Elles sont associées à une baisse de l'espérance de vie (notamment du fait
du suicide) et à un haut degré de stigmatisation, de discrimination et
d'exclusion sociale. Leur prévalence sur la vie entière est de 20 à 30 %
et, du fait de leur progression, elles représenteront la première cause
d'invalidité dans le monde dans une dizaine d'années.
La psychiatrie est une spécialité où les références théoriques
évoluent rapidement sous l'influence des découvertes neuroscientifiques et
de l'évolution des modèles d'organisation des soins proposés au niveau
international. De nouvelles stratégies de prévention et de nouveaux
traitements permettent d'améliorer l'efficacité de cette discipline
médicale. Malgré cela, et en dépit de son histoire illustre, la
psychiatrie française connaît une crise qui se traduit par une
paupérisation de l'offre de soin, un faible investissement dans la
recherche en santé mentale et une absence de réforme d'ampleur de
l'organisation de la santé mentale dans notre pays.
Ce livre
propose donc un état des lieux de la psychiatrie en France et une
réflexion sur ses perspectives d'évolution en fonction de son identité
historique, des théories auxquelles elle se réfère et de ses
développements actuels dans les champs législatifs, politiques,
nosographiques mais aussi de la recherche et de l'enseignement.
L'ouvrage,
qui réunit les contributions des meilleurs psychiatres français, s'adresse
aux psychiatres praticiens (libéraux et hospitaliers), ainsi qu'à tous
ceux qui souhaitent se tenir informés des évolutions d'une discipline
actuellement en pleine mutation, et au sein de laquelle les débats sont,
depuis sa naissance, riches et nombreux.
En janvier 2005, le 9e Cours de Saint-Paul-de-Vence, consacré au Cancer du
Sein a été dominé par l'établissement des « Recommandations pour la
Pratique Clinique ». Les cinq sujets de ces recommandations, comme la
prise en charge du creux axillaire, les traitements néo-adjuvants, la
prise en charge des patientes dont la tumeur sur-exprime HER2,
l'hormonothérapie adjuvante et enfin la chimiothérapie adjuvante ont été
largement abordés. Comme à chaque cours, certains domaines incontournables
ont été traités tels que le dépistage organisé, la radiologie
conventionnelle et l'IRM, les facteurs pronostiques et prédictifs. Les
cancers canalaires et les cancers lobulaires ont été comparés d'une
manière remarquable dans trois communications qui ont été réalisées par
l'école de Saint-Cloud. Les données sur les cancers in situ ont été
actualisées. Enfin, des conseils ont été donnés pour l'utilisation des
différents référentiels, qu'ils soient locaux, régionaux ou nationaux.
This book provides an overview of the latest experimental work on sex-based differences in lung function and inflammation. Readers will learn how these differences relate to individual predispositions for the development of lung disease in men and women, and in different stages of their reproductive lives. Further, the book focuses on diseases that predominantly affect women or men, with an emphasis on the physiological mechanisms underlying their pathobiology.
In turn, these findings are complemented by chapters on recent studies, which investigate how circulating sex hormone levels impact the lung's innate immune response to environmental agents and air pollution. The pathogeneses of asthma and viral respiratory infection are also major focus areas. As an outlook, the book also discusses current and future research directions aimed at developing sex-specific therapies for lung disease.
To examine these anatomical and physiological differences in the male and female respiratory systems, the authors employ a broad range of methods from molecular and clinical biology. Accordingly, the book will be a fascinating read for physiologists and clinicians alike.
Leading researchers are specially invited to provide a complete understanding of a key topic within the multidisciplinary fields of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. In a form immediately useful to scientists, this periodical aims to filter, highlight and review the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields.?
This book discusses the unique ion channels and transporters found within the epithelial tissues of various organs, including the kidney, intestine, pancreas and respiratory tract. Authors focus on demonstrating the crucial roles that each of these channels and transporters play in transepithelial ion and fluid transport across epithelia, as well as in maintaining homeostasis. It allows readers to gain an understanding of the fundamentals of ion transport, in terms of function, modelling, regulation, trafficking, structure and pharmacology. This is the second of three volumes highlighting the importance of epithelial ion channels and transporters in basic physiology and pathophysiology of human diseases.
This volume focuses on a wide array of epithelial tissues and the use of organoids to study epithelial function. Furthermore, clinical researchers and basic scientists from various fields provide a medical perspective on the physiology of a number of tissues and organs of the body including the pancreas, intestine, sweat glands, mammary gland, inner ear epithelia, retinal pigment epithelia of the eye, choroid plexus, and the ectodermal epithelia in dental enamel formation. This volume aims to `round out' the reader's journey from basic science to the laboratory bench and clinical management of molecular diseases, making Volume 2 a must-read for students and scientists in the field of physiology, as well as for clinicians.
Great Salt Lake is an enormous terminal lake in the western United States. It is a highly productive ecosystem, which has global significance for millions of migrating birds who rely on this critical feeding station on their journey through the American west. For the human population in the adjacent metropolitan area, this body of water provides a significant economic resource as industries, such as brine shrimp harvesting and mineral extraction, generate jobs and income for the state of Utah. In addition, the lake provides the local population with ecosystem services, especially the creation of mountain snowpack that generates water supply, and the prevention of dust that may impair air quality. As a result of climate change and water diversions for consumptive uses, terminal lakes are shrinking worldwide, and this edited volume is written in this urgent context.
This is the first book ever centered on Great Salt Lake biology. Current and novel data presented here paint a comprehensive picture, building on our past understanding and adding complexity. Together, the authors explore this saline lake from the microbial diversity to the invertebrates and the birds who eat them, along a dynamic salinity gradient with unique geochemistry. Some unusual perspectives are included, including the impact of tar seeps on the lake biology and why Great Salt Lake may help us search for life on Mars. Also, we consider the role of human perceptions and our effect on the biology of the lake. The editors made an effort to involve a diversity of experts on the Great Salt Lake system, but also to include unheard voices such as scientists at state agencies or non-profit advocacy organizations. This book is a timely discussion of a terminal lake that is significant, unique, and threatened.
This book is the first to integrate biological control into a conceptual framework - ecostacking - uniting all aspects of biological control and ecosystem services. In 2018 the "First International Congress of Biological Control" was organised and held in Beijing, China. The chapters highlight some of the achievements presented at the congress, worldwide. Of particular significance are the numerous contributions by Chinese researchers illustrating the remarkable progress made on developing and adopting multiple biological control strategies over vast agricultural areas, largely replacing chemical pesticides for sustainable agricultural and horticultural production. In many parts of the world including Europe, fragmented research based on short-term funding has been unable to answer to the needs to develop sustainable long-term solutions to crop protection, while colleagues in China have been successful in implementing programs that exemplify the power of the ecostacking approach.
Key contributions by European and US specialists combined with the expertise and experiences by the Chinese contributors comprise the building blocks for the integration of biological control approaches into the overall frame of ecostacking. This book will lead the way to a broader, integrated adoption of biological control techniques in sustainable pest, disease and weed management supporting also the functioning of other key ecosystem services.
Chapter 2 of this book isavailable openaccess under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Insects, pests and weeds are responsible for substantial loss of crops and reduced food supplies, poorer quality of agricultural products, economic hardship for growers and processor. Generally, chemical control methods are neither always economical nor are they effective and may have associated unwanted health, safety and environmental risks. Biological control involves use of beneficial biological agents to control pests and offers an environmental friendly approach to the effective management of plant diseases and weeds. The chapters are written by well recognized group leaders in the field. This book provides a comprehensive account of interaction of host and pests, and development of biological control agents for practical applications in crops management utilizing inherent defence mechanism, induced stimulation and biological control agents. The contents are divided into the following sections: General biology of plant defence, Use of natural compounds for biological control, Use of biological agents, Mechanism of action and Commercial aspects. The book will be useful for academicians, researcher and industries involved in study and manufacturing these products.
This book concerns the mathematical modeling and computer simulation of the human stomach. It follows the four modern P's (prevention, prediction, personalization, and precision in medicine) approach in addressing the highly heterogeneous nature of processes underlying gastric motility disorders manifested as gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, myenteric enteropathy etc. The book comprehensively guides readers through the fundamental theoretical concepts to complex physiological models of the organ. This requires a deep and thorough understanding of driving pathophysiological mechanisms as well as the collaborative effort of specialists working in fundamental and biological science. Such a multidisciplinary partnership is vital because it upholds gnostic capabilities and provides the exchange of thoughts and ideas thus offering broad perspectives into the evolution and management of diseases. The book is a valuable resource for applied mathematicians, computational biologists, bioengineers, physicians, physiologists and researchers working in various fields of biomedicine.
